The Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market would witness market growth of 20.8% CAGR during the forecast period (2021-2027).
Smart city initiatives around the world are being enabled by new Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It enables remote monitoring, management, and control of devices, and extracts valuable insights and actionable data from huge quantities of real-time data. A high degree of information technology integration and a broad application of information resources are two of the most important characteristics of a smart city. Smart technology, smart industry, smart services, smart management, and smart life should all be included in the urban development of a smart city.
The smart city is an emerging market and a crucial aspect of future infrastructure, similar to the concept of a smart home environment. The importance of IoT technology is amplified in a smart city since it aspires to use energy and electricity efficiently, thereby offering a convenient and economically sound infrastructure for society's well-being. As a result, once the general infrastructure of a smart city has been established, many services that need the use of various types of data acquired in daily life can be given. This means that numerous IoT-enabled services in a smart city can help inhabitants live in a more sustainable and better environment.
The desire for smart building and space solutions in densely populated areas would drive the demand for disruptive technologies like IoT in the region. China, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, and India, all of which are quickly developing economies, are heavily investing in internet of things solutions. Moreover, the regulatory bodies of these countries are putting a lot of effort into establishing smart city projects to improve security and quality of life. For example, the Chinese municipal government of Xiangtan received a USD 200 million loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for its smart city initiative in October 2020. China's Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) released the first list of national pilot Smart Cities in 2013. There were 326 smart city initiatives in the country by 2015.
In 2020, the Seoul Metropolitan Government, in collaboration with the World Bank, organized Korea Innovation Week to showcase Korea's technological advancements. A total of 40 government representatives from 12 nations learned about the city's smart city growth and transformation.
The China market dominated the Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Country 2020, and would continue to be a dominant market till 2027; thereby, achieving a market value of $28.4 billion by 2027. The Japan market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 20% during (2021 - 2027). Additionally, The India market would display a CAGR of 21.5% during (2021 - 2027).
Based on Component, the market is segmented into Solution and Services. Based on Solution Type, the market is segmented into Remote Monitoring, Data Management, Security, Real-time Location System, Reporting & Analytics, and Network Management. Based on Services type, the market is segmented into Professional Services and Managed Services. Based on Application, the market is segmented into Smart Citizen Services, Smart Building, Smart Transportation, and Smart Utilities. Based on countries, the market is segmented into China, Japan, India, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, and Rest of Asia Pacific.
Free Valuable Insights: The Worldwide IoT in Smart Cities Market is Projected to reach USD 347.6 Billion by 2027, at a CAGR of 18.8%
The market research report covers the analysis of key stake holders of the market. Key companies profiled in the report include IBM Corporation, Schneider Electric SE, Siemens AG, Microsoft Corporation, Intel Corporation, Hitachi, Ltd., Tech Mahindra Limited, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (Huawei Investment & Holding Co., Ltd.), Robert Bosch GmbH, and Honeywell International, Inc.
Scope of the Study
Market Segments Covered in the Report:
By Component
- Solution
- Remote Monitoring
- Data Management
- Security
- Real-time Location System
- Reporting & Analytics
- Network Management
- Services
- Professional Services
- Managed Services
By Application
- Smart Citizen Services
- Smart Building
- Smart Transportation
- Smart Utilities
By Country
- China
- Japan
- India
- South Korea
- Singapore
- Malaysia
- Rest of Asia Pacific
Key Market Players
List of Companies Profiled in the Report:
- IBM Corporation
- Schneider Electric SE
- Siemens AG
- Microsoft Corporation
- Intel Corporation
- Hitachi, Ltd.
- Tech Mahindra Limited
- Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (Huawei Investment & Holding Co., Ltd.)
- Robert Bosch GmbH
- Honeywell International, Inc.
Chapter 1. Market Scope & Methodology
1.1 Market Definition
1.2 Objectives
1.3 Market Scope
1.4 Segmentation
1.4.1 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market, by Component
1.4.2 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market, by Application
1.4.3 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market, by Country
1.5 Methodology for the research
Chapter 2. Market Overview
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Overview
2.1.1.1 Market Composition and Scenario
2.2 Key Factors Impacting the Market
2.2.1 Market Drivers
2.2.2 Market Restraints
Chapter 3. Competition Analysis - Global
3.1 KBV Cardinal Matrix
3.2 Recent Industry Wide Strategic Developments
3.2.1 Partnerships, Collaborations and Agreements
3.2.2 Product Launches and Product Expansions
3.2.3 Acquisitions and Mergers
3.3 Top Winning Strategies
3.3.1 Key Leading Strategies: Percentage Distribution (2017-2021)
3.3.2 Key Strategic Move: (Partnerships, Collaborations and Agreements : 2017, Mar – 2022, Jan) Leading Players
Chapter 4. Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component
4.1 Asia Pacific Solution Market by Country
4.2 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type
4.2.1 Asia Pacific Remote Monitoring Market by Country
4.2.2 Asia Pacific Data Management Market by Country
4.2.3 Asia Pacific Security Market by Country
4.2.4 Asia Pacific Real-time Location System Market by Country
4.2.5 Asia Pacific Reporting & Analytics Market by Country
4.2.6 Asia Pacific Network Management Market by Country
4.3 Asia Pacific Services Market by Country
4.4 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type
4.4.1 Asia Pacific Professional Services Market by Country
4.4.2 Asia Pacific Managed Services Market by Country
Chapter 5. Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application
5.1 Asia Pacific Smart Citizen Services Market by Country
5.2 Asia Pacific Smart Building Market by Country
5.3 Asia Pacific Smart Transportation Market by Country
5.4 Asia Pacific Smart Utilities Market by Country
Chapter 6. Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Country
6.1 China IoT in Smart Cities Market
6.1.1 China IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component
6.1.1.1 China IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type
6.1.1.2 China IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type
6.1.2 China IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application
6.2 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market
6.2.1 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component
6.2.1.1 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type
6.2.1.2 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type
6.2.2 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application
6.3 India IoT in Smart Cities Market
6.3.1 India IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component
6.3.1.1 India IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type
6.3.1.2 India IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type
6.3.2 India IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application
6.4 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market
6.4.1 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component
6.4.1.1 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type
6.4.1.2 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type
6.4.2 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application
6.5 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market
6.5.1 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component
6.5.1.1 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type
6.5.1.2 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type
6.5.2 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application
6.6 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market
6.6.1 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component
6.6.1.1 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type
6.6.1.2 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type
6.6.2 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application
6.7 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market
6.7.1 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component
6.7.1.1 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type
6.7.1.2 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type
6.7.2 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application
Chapter 7. Company Profiles
7.1 IBM Corporation
7.1.1 Company Overview
7.1.2 Financial Analysis
7.1.3 Regional & Segmental Analysis
7.1.4 Research & Development Expenses
7.1.5 SWOT Analysis
7.2 Schneider Electric SE
7.2.1 Company Overview
7.2.2 Financial Analysis
7.2.3 Segmental And Regional Analysis
7.2.4 Research & Development Expense
7.2.5 Recent strategies and developments:
7.2.5.1 Partnerships, Collaborations, and Agreements:
7.2.6 SWOT Analysis
7.3 Siemens AG
7.3.1 Company Overview
7.3.2 Financial Analysis
7.3.3 Segmental and Regional Analysis
7.3.4 Research & Development Expense
7.3.5 Recent strategies and developments:
7.3.5.1 Partnerships, Collaborations, and Agreements:
7.3.5.2 Acquisitions and Mergers:
7.3.5.3 Product Launches and Product Expansions:
7.3.6 SWOT Analysis
7.4 Microsoft Corporation
7.4.1 Company Overview
7.4.2 Financial Analysis
7.4.3 Segmental and Regional Analysis
7.4.4 Research & Development Expenses
7.4.5 Recent strategies and developments:
7.4.5.1 Partnerships, Collaborations, and Agreements:
7.4.6 SWOT Analysis
7.5 Intel Corporation
7.5.1 Company Overview
7.5.2 Financial Analysis
7.5.3 Segmental and Regional Analysis
7.5.4 Research & Development Expenses
7.5.5 Recent strategies and developments:
7.5.5.1 Partnerships, Collaborations, and Agreements:
7.5.5.2 Product Launches and Product Expansions:
7.5.6 SWOT Analysis
7.6 Hitachi, Ltd.
7.6.1 Company Overview
7.6.2 Financial Analysis
7.6.3 Segmental and Regional Analysis
7.6.4 Research & Development Expenses
7.6.5 Recent strategies and developments:
7.6.5.1 Partnerships, Collaborations, and Agreements:
7.6.5.2 Acquisitions and Mergers:
7.6.5.3 Product Launches and Product Expansions:
7.7 Tech Mahindra Limited
7.7.1 Company Overview
7.7.2 Financial Analysis
7.7.3 Segmental and Regional Analysis
7.7.4 Research & Development Expenses
7.7.5 Recent strategies and developments:
7.7.5.1 Partnerships, Collaborations, and Agreements:
7.7.6 SWOT Analysis
7.8 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (Huawei Investment & Holding Co., Ltd.)
7.8.1 Company Overview
7.8.2 Financial Analysis
7.8.3 Segmental and Regional Analysis
7.8.4 Research & Development Expense
7.8.5 Recent strategies and developments:
7.8.5.1 Partnerships, Collaborations, and Agreements:
7.8.5.2 Product Launches and Product Expansions:
7.9 Robert Bosch GmbH
7.9.1 Company Overview
7.9.2 Financial Analysis
7.9.3 Segmental and Regional Analysis
7.9.4 Research & Development Expense
7.9.5 Recent strategies and developments:
7.9.5.1 Partnerships, Collaborations, and Agreements:
7.9.5.2 Product Launches and Product Expansions:
7.9.6 SWOT Analysis
7.10. Honeywell International, Inc.
7.10.1 Company Overview
7.10.2 Financial Analysis
7.10.3 Regional & Segmental Analysis
7.10.4 Research & Development Expenses
7.10.5 Recent strategies and developments:
7.10.5.1 Partnerships, Collaborations, and Agreements:
7.10.6 SWOT Analysis
TABLE 1 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 2 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 3 Partnerships, Collaborations and Agreements– IoT in Smart Cities Market
TABLE 4 Product Launches And Product Expansions– IoT in Smart Cities Market
TABLE 5 Acquisition and Mergers– IoT in Smart Cities Market
TABLE 6 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 7 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 8 Asia Pacific Solution Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 9 Asia Pacific Solution Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 10 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 11 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 12 Asia Pacific Remote Monitoring Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 13 Asia Pacific Remote Monitoring Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 14 Asia Pacific Data Management Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 15 Asia Pacific Data Management Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 16 Asia Pacific Security Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 17 Asia Pacific Security Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 18 Asia Pacific Real-time Location System Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 19 Asia Pacific Real-time Location System Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 20 Asia Pacific Reporting & Analytics Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 21 Asia Pacific Reporting & Analytics Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 22 Asia Pacific Network Management Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 23 Asia Pacific Network Management Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 24 Asia Pacific Services Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 25 Asia Pacific Services Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 26 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 27 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 28 Asia Pacific Professional Services Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 29 Asia Pacific Professional Services Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 30 Asia Pacific Managed Services Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 31 Asia Pacific Managed Services Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 32 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 33 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 34 Asia Pacific Smart Citizen Services Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 35 Asia Pacific Smart Citizen Services Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 36 Asia Pacific Smart Building Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 37 Asia Pacific Smart Building Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 38 Asia Pacific Smart Transportation Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 39 Asia Pacific Smart Transportation Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 40 Asia Pacific Smart Utilities Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 41 Asia Pacific Smart Utilities Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 42 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Country, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 43 Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Country, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 44 China IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 45 China IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 46 China IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 47 China IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 48 China IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 49 China IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 50 China IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 51 China IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 52 China IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 53 China IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 54 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 55 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 56 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 57 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 58 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 59 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 60 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 61 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 62 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 63 Japan IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 64 India IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 65 India IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 66 India IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 67 India IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 68 India IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 69 India IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 70 India IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 71 India IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 72 India IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 73 India IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 74 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 75 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 76 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 77 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 78 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 79 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 80 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 81 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 82 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 83 South Korea IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 84 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 85 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 86 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 87 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 88 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 89 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 90 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 91 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 92 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 93 Singapore IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 94 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 95 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 96 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 97 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 98 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 99 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 100 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 101 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 102 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 103 Malaysia IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 104 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 105 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 106 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 107 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Component, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 108 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 109 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Solution Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 110 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 111 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Services Type, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 112 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2017 - 2020, USD Million
TABLE 113 Rest of Asia Pacific IoT in Smart Cities Market by Application, 2021 - 2027, USD Million
TABLE 114 Key information – IBM Corporation
TABLE 115 Key information – Schneider Electric SE
TABLE 116 Key Information – Siemens AG
TABLE 117 key information – Microsoft Corporation
TABLE 118 Key Information – Intel Corporation
TABLE 119 Key Information – Hitachi, Ltd.
TABLE 120 Key Information – Tech Mahindra Limited
TABLE 121 key information – Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
TABLE 122 key information – Robert Bosch GmbH
TABLE 123 Key information – Honeywell International, Inc.
List of Figures
FIG 1 Methodology for the research
FIG 2 KBV Cardinal Matrix
FIG 3 Key Leading Strategies: Percentage Distribution (2017-2021)
FIG 4 Key Strategic Move: (Partnerships, Collaborations and agreements : 2017, Mar – 2022, Jan) Leading Players
FIG 5 Swot analysis: IBM Corporation
FIG 6 Swot analysis: Schneider Electric SE
FIG 7 Recent strategies and developments: Siemens AG
FIG 8 Swot analysis: Siemens AG
FIG 9 SWOT Analysis: Microsoft Corporation
FIG 10 SWOT analysis: Intel corporation
FIG 11 Recent strategies and developments: Hitachi, Ltd.
FIG 12 SWOT Analysis: Tech Mahindra Limited
FIG 13 Recent strategies and developments: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
FIG 14 Swot analysis: Robert bosch gmbh
FIG 15 Swot analysis: Honeywell international, inc.