The Europe Zinc Oxide Market would witness market growth of 5.0% CAGR during the forecast period (2023-2030). In the year 2020, the Europe market's volume surged to 197.6 Kilo Tonnes, showcasing a growth of 4.5% (2019-2022).
In the cosmetics industry, zinc oxide is primarily used as a sunblock in sunscreen lotions and creams. Its high refractive index allows it to block both UVA and UVB rays effectively, providing broad-spectrum protection. Zinc oxide is a key component in the vulcanization process, acting as an activator for sulfur to cross-link polymer chains. This results in improved elasticity, strength, and wear resistance in rubber products. In the ceramics and glass industry, zinc oxide acts as a flux, reducing the melting point of materials and improving the transparency, brightness, and durability of glass and ceramic products.
In agriculture, zinc oxide is used to address zinc deficiency in soil, thereby promoting healthier crop growth and higher yields. It is typically applied as a zinc fertilizer. In the manufacturing of paints and coatings, zinc oxide is utilized as a white pigment, contributing to the opacity and brightness of the final product. Its corrosion-resistant properties are especially valuable in outdoor applications. In the electronics industry, zinc oxide is a semiconductor material in varistors, protecting electronic circuits from voltage surges by providing variable resistance.
Zinc oxide is used in medical products like ointments and dressings due to its mild antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is employed in wound healing and skin treatments. Zinc oxide is a separator material in alkaline batteries, improving battery performance and lifespan. Nanoparticles of zinc oxide are integrated into textiles to create fabrics with unique properties, such as UV protection, antimicrobial effects, and moisture-wicking capabilities. In the food industry, zinc oxide is used as a food additive to provide a source of dietary zinc, which is an essential micronutrient.
The growth of the automotive industry in the UK drives the demand for high-quality tires, thus increasing the use of zinc oxide. The automotive industry in the UK benefits from the use of zinc oxide in protective and aesthetic coatings. The UK is witnessing the growth of electric vehicle manufacturing. The UK government claims that the European region, with its highly linked supply chains and substantial demand for vehicles made in the UK, has benefited the UK automotive sector, which offers a wide range of products, including premium, niche, and volume vehicles.
The pharmaceutical industry in Germany utilizes zinc oxide for its skin-protective and wound-healing properties. The pharmaceutical sector in Germany benefits from using zinc oxide in such products. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are explored for their potential applications in nanomedicine, drug delivery, and targeted therapies in Germany. All these factors will uplift the regional market expansion in upcoming years.
The Germany market dominated the Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Country in 2022, and would continue to be a dominant market till 2030; thereby, achieving a market value of $376 million by 2030. The UK market is exhibiting a CAGR of 4.1% during (2023 - 2030). Additionally, The France market would experience a CAGR of 5.8% during (2023 - 2030).
Based on Process, the market is segmented into Indirect, Direct, Wet Chemical, and Others. Based on Application, the market is segmented into Automotive, Construction, Paints & Coatings, Cosmetics & Personal Care, Pharmaceuticals, Agriculture, and Others. Based on Form, the market is segmented into Powder, Pellets, and Liquid. Based on countries, the market is segmented into Germany, UK, France, Russia, Spain, Italy, and Rest of Europe.
Free Valuable Insights: The Global Zinc Oxide Market will Hit $7.7 Billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 5.6%
The market research report covers the analysis of key stake holders of the market. Key companies profiled in the report include CCL Industries, Inc., Lanxess AG, Tata Chemicals Ltd. (Tata Group), Zochem inc., Toho Zinc Co., Ltd., Pan-Continental Chemical Co., Ltd., Ace Chemie Zynk Energy Limited, AG CHEMI GROUP s.r.o., HAKUSUI TECH CO., LTD., and Mario Pilato Blat SA.
Scope of the Study
Market Segments Covered in the Report:
By Process (Volume, Kilo Tonnes, USD Million, 2019-2030)
- Indirect
- Direct
- Wet Chemical
- Others
By Application (Volume, Kilo Tonnes, USD Million, 2019-2030)
- Automotive
- Construction
- Paints & Coatings
- Cosmetics & Personal Care
- Pharmaceuticals
- Agriculture
- Others
By Form (Volume, Kilo Tonnes, USD Million, 2019-2030)
By Country (Volume, Kilo Tonnes, USD Million, 2019-2030)
- Germany
- UK
- France
- Russia
- Spain
- Italy
- Rest of Europe
Key Market Players
List of Companies Profiled in the Report:
- CCL Industries, Inc.
- Lanxess AG
- Tata Chemicals Ltd. (Tata Group)
- Zochem inc.
- Toho Zinc Co., Ltd.
- Pan-Continental Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Ace Chemie Zynk Energy Limited
- AG CHEMI GROUP s.r.o.
- HAKUSUI TECH CO., LTD.
- Mario Pilato Blat SA
TABLE 1 Europe Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 2 Europe Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 3 Europe Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 4 Europe Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 5 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 6 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 7 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 8 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 9 Europe Indirect Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 10 Europe Indirect Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 11 Europe Indirect Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 12 Europe Indirect Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 13 Europe Direct Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 14 Europe Direct Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 15 Europe Direct Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 16 Europe Direct Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 17 Europe Wet Chemical Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 18 Europe Wet Chemical Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 19 Europe Wet Chemical Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 20 Europe Wet Chemical Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 21 Europe Others Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 22 Europe Others Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 23 Europe Others Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 24 Europe Others Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 25 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 26 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 27 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 28 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 29 Europe Automotive Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 30 Europe Automotive Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 31 Europe Automotive Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 32 Europe Automotive Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 33 Europe Construction Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 34 Europe Construction Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 35 Europe Construction Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 36 Europe Construction Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 37 Europe Paints & Coatings Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 38 Europe Paints & Coatings Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 39 Europe Paints & Coatings Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 40 Europe Paints & Coatings Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 41 Europe Cosmetics & Personal Care Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 42 Europe Cosmetics & Personal Care Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 43 Europe Cosmetics & Personal Care Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 44 Europe Cosmetics & Personal Care Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 45 Europe Pharmaceuticals Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 46 Europe Pharmaceuticals Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 47 Europe Pharmaceuticals Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 48 Europe Pharmaceuticals Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 49 Europe Agriculture Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 50 Europe Agriculture Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 51 Europe Agriculture Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 52 Europe Agriculture Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 53 Europe Others Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 54 Europe Others Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 55 Europe Others Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 56 Europe Others Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 57 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 58 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 59 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 60 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 61 Europe Powder Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 62 Europe Powder Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 63 Europe Powder Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 64 Europe Powder Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 65 Europe Pellets Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 66 Europe Pellets Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 67 Europe Pellets Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 68 Europe Pellets Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 69 Europe Liquid Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 70 Europe Liquid Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 71 Europe Liquid Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 72 Europe Liquid Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 73 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 74 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 75 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Country, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 76 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Country, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 77 Germany Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 78 Germany Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 79 Germany Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 80 Germany Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 81 Germany Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 82 Germany Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 83 Germany Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 84 Germany Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 85 Germany Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 86 Germany Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 87 Germany Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 88 Germany Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 89 Germany Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 90 Germany Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 91 Germany Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 92 Germany Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 93 UK Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 94 UK Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 95 UK Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 96 UK Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 97 UK Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 98 UK Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 99 UK Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 100 UK Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 101 UK Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 102 UK Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 103 UK Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 104 UK Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 105 UK Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 106 UK Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 107 UK Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 108 UK Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 109 France Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 110 France Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 111 France Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 112 France Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 113 France Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 114 France Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 115 France Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 116 France Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 117 France Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 118 France Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 119 France Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 120 France Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 121 France Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 122 France Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 123 France Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 124 France Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 125 Russia Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 126 Russia Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 127 Russia Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 128 Russia Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 129 Russia Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 130 Russia Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 131 Russia Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 132 Russia Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 133 Russia Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 134 Russia Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 135 Russia Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 136 Russia Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 137 Russia Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 138 Russia Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 139 Russia Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 140 Russia Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 141 Spain Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 142 Spain Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 143 Spain Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 144 Spain Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 145 Spain Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 146 Spain Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 147 Spain Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 148 Spain Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 149 Spain Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 150 Spain Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 151 Spain Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 152 Spain Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 153 Spain Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 154 Spain Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 155 Spain Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 156 Spain Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 157 Italy Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 158 Italy Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 159 Italy Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 160 Italy Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 161 Italy Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 162 Italy Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 163 Italy Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 164 Italy Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 165 Italy Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 166 Italy Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 167 Italy Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 168 Italy Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 169 Italy Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 170 Italy Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 171 Italy Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 172 Italy Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 173 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 174 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 175 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 176 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 177 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 178 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 179 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 180 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 181 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 182 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 183 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 184 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 185 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, USD Million
TABLE 186 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, USD Million
TABLE 187 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2022, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 188 Rest of Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2023 - 2030, Kilo Tonnes
TABLE 189 Key Information – CCL Industries Ltd.
TABLE 190 key Information – Lanxess AG
TABLE 191 Key Information – Tata Chemicals Ltd.
TABLE 192 Key Information – Zochem, Inc.
TABLE 193 Key Information – Toho Zinc Co., Ltd.
TABLE 194 Key Information – Pan-Continental Chemical Co., Ltd.
TABLE 195 Key Information – Ace Chemie Zynk Energy Limited
TABLE 196 Key Information – AG CHEMI GROUP s r. o.
TABLE 197 Key Information – HAKUSUI TECH CO., LTD.
TABLE 198 Key Information – Mario Pilato Blat SA
List of Figures
FIG 1 Methodology for the research
FIG 2 Europe Zinc Oxide Market, 2019 - 2030, USD Million
FIG 3 Key Factors Impacting the Zinc Oxide Market
FIG 4 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis – Zinc Oxide Market
FIG 5 Europe Zinc Oxide Market Share by Process, 2022
FIG 6 Europe Zinc Oxide Market Share by Process, 2030
FIG 7 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Process, 2019 - 2030, USD Million
FIG 8 Europe Zinc Oxide Market Share by Application, 2022
FIG 9 Europe Zinc Oxide Market Share by Application, 2030
FIG 10 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Application, 2019 - 2030, USD Million
FIG 11 Europe Zinc Oxide Market Share by Form, 2022
FIG 12 Europe Zinc Oxide Market Share by Form, 2030
FIG 13 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Form, 2019 - 2030, USD Million
FIG 14 Europe Zinc Oxide Market Share by Country, 2022
FIG 15 Europe Zinc Oxide Market Share by Country, 2030
FIG 16 Europe Zinc Oxide Market by Country, 2019 - 2030, USD Million
FIG 17 SWOT Analysis: CCL Industries Ltd.
FIG 18 SWOT Analysis: Lanxess AG
FIG 19 SWOT Analysis: Tata Chemicals Ltd.
FIG 20 SWOT Analysis: Zochem, Inc.
FIG 21 SWOT Analysis: Toho Zinc Co., Ltd.